Chapter
Hag
The standing stones of ancient times are the subject of many tales told among the rural folk who live nearby. While travelling across the county of Gloucester I came upon a typical example in the tale of Old Meg. The gray and weathered stone, not quite the height of a man and a little broader, stands on a valley side near the village of Annonsbury, and is held by the local people to be the body of a pagan witch, who was turned to stone through the prayers of Saint Birinus during his mission of conversion in these parts.
— William Stukeley, June 1724
Hags have the appearance of old, ugly women whose faces are twisted into masks of rage. Their clothes are often ragged, their teeth are sharp, and their fingernails have grown into iron-hard claws. There are many theories regarding their origins. Some say they are female trolls or ogres, smaller, more intelligent, but no less malignant. In some tales, their sons are all ogres and their daughters are all hags. Others believe that they are witches whose dealings with the powers of evil have transformed them into a barely-human form, while others still regard them as fallen demi-goddesses, fragments of the ancient earth-mother whose worship was supplanted in ancient times by the rise of the weather-controlling sky-father as farming took over from hunting and gathering. Hags usually live in remote, forbidding places such as caves and deep woods. Some live underwater in dismal pools or deep rivers. They may be encountered at night or in bad weather, attacking lone travelers or stealing children to eat.